I-Pterosauria: Andiyo "idayinaso ephaphazelayo"
Ngokolwazi lwethu, iidinosaur yayiziinkosi zomhlaba kumaxesha amandulo.Siyithatha nje kancinci into yokuba izilwanyana ezifanayo ngelo xesha zonke zihlelwa kudidi lweedinosaurs.Ngoko ke, iPterosauria yaba “ziidinosaur eziphaphazelayo”.Enyanisweni, iPterosauria yayingezizo iidinosaur!
Iidayinaso zibhekisela kwizirhubuluzi ezithile zasemhlabeni ezinokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo, ngaphandle kweepterosaur.I-Pterosauria zizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezibhabhayo, kunye needayinaso zombini zezendalo ye-Ornithodira.Oko kukuthi, i-pterosauria kunye needinosaurs zifana "nabazala".Bazizalamane ezisondeleyo, kwaye zizikhokelo ezimbini zendaleko ezaziphila ngexesha elinye, kwaye ukhokho wabo wamva nje ubizwa ngokuba yi-Ornithischiosaurus.
Uphuhliso lwamaphiko
Elo lizwe lalizaliswe ziidinosaurs, yaye isibhakabhaka sasizaliswe ziipterosaur.Balusapho, kwenzeka njani ukuba omnye abe esibhakabhakeni omnye usemhlabeni?
Kwintshona yePhondo laseLiaoning eTshayina, kwafunyanwa iqanda lepterosauria elacuthwayo kodwa lalingabonakalisi zimpawu zokwaphuka.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iinwebu zamaphiko eembumba ezingaphakathi zikhule kakuhle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ipterosauria inokubhabha ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa.
Uphando olwenziwa ziingcali ezininzi lubonise ukuba i-pterosauria yokuqala yavela kwiimbaleki zomhlaba ezincinci, ezinambuzane, ezinemilenze emide ezifana neScleromochlus, eyayinenwebu kwimilenze yazo yangasemva, ukuya emzimbeni okanye emsileni.Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesidingo sokusinda kunye nokuphangwa, ulusu lwabo lwaba lukhulu kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwakhula lwafana namaphiko.Ngoko ke zinokuqhutywa zikhuliswe kancinane zibe zizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo.
Iifosili zibonisa ukuba kuqala aba bafana abancinci babengengobancinci nje kuphela, kodwa kwanokuba ubume bamathambo emaphikweni babungabonakali.Kodwa ngokucothayo, zaguquka zaya esibhakabhakeni, kwaye iphiko elikhulu, elinomsila omfutshane elibhabhayo iPterosauria ngokuthe ngcembe lathatha indawo “yeentsana”, kwaye ekugqibeleni yaba lulawulo lomoya.
Ngo-2001, i-pterosauria fossil yafunyanwa eJamani.Amaphiko efosili aye alondolozwa ngokuyinxenye.Iingcali zenzululwazi zayikhanyisa ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwaye zafumanisa ukuba amaphiko ayo yinwebu yesikhumba enemithambo yegazi, imisipha kunye nemicu emide.IiFibers zinokuxhasa amaphiko, kwaye i-membrane yesikhumba inokutsalwa ngokuqinileyo, okanye isongwe njengefeni.Kwaye ngo-2018, iifosili ezimbini ze-pterosauria ezafunyanwa e-China zabonisa ukuba nazo zineentsiba zamandulo, kodwa ngokungafaniyo neentsiba zeentaka, iintsiba zazo zazincinci kwaye ziguquguqukayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba.
Kunzima ukubhabha
Ingaba uyazi?Phakathi kweefosili ezifunyenweyo, amaphiko e-pterosauria enkulu anokwandisa i-10 yeemitha.Ngoko ke, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kwanokuba zinamaphiko amabini, ezinye iipterosauria ezinkulu azikwazi ukubhabha ixesha elide okanye umgama omde njengeentaka, yaye abanye abantu bade bacinge ukuba abanakuze babhabhe kwaphela!Ngenxa yokuba zinzima kakhulu!
Nangona kunjalo, indlela i-pterosauria eyabhabha ngayo ayikacaci.Ezinye izazinzulu zikwaqikelela ukuba mhlawumbi ipterosauria ayizange isebenzise ukubhabha njengeentaka, kodwa amaphiko azo azivelela ngokuzimeleyo, esenza isakhiwo esikhethekileyo sokubhabha.Nangona ipterosauria enkulu yayifuna imilenze eyomeleleyo ukuze yehle emhlabeni, kodwa amathambo angqindilili ayewenza abenzima kakhulu.Kungekudala, bafumanisa indlela!Amathambo ephiko le-pterosauria aguquke kwiityhubhu ezingenanto kunye neendonga ezincinci, ezivumela ukuba "zinciphise ubunzima" ngempumelelo, zibe bhetyebhetye kwaye zilula, kwaye zinokubhabha lula.
Abanye bathi ipterosauria ayinakubhabha nje kuphela, kodwa yaphaphatheka njengeenkozi ukuze ibambe iintlanzi phezu kolwandle, amachibi kunye nemilambo.Indiza yayivumela i-pterosauria ukuba ihambe imigama emide, ibaleke amarhamncwa kwaye iphuhlise iindawo zokuhlala ezintsha.
IWebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Kawah Dinosaur:www.kawadinosaur.com
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-18-2019